Substituents and Effect of Substituents on Reactivity of Benzene
by Substituents An atom or group of atoms takes the place of another atom or group or occupies a specified molecule position. Substitution in Monosubstituted Benzene: …
Category: B. pharma
Orientation of mono-substituted benzene compounds towards electrophilic substitution reaction
Theory of orientation: Orientation or directive effect can be explained by studying all the possible resonance structures of the sigma complex formed due to the …
Friedel Crafts acylation: Reaction Mechanism and limitation
The Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction involves adding an acyl group to an aromatic ring. Typically, this is done by employing an acid chloride (R-(C=O)-Cl) and a …
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: Reactivity, Limitations
Reactivity: Friedel-Crafts alkylation is a powerful method for introducing alkyl groups onto aromatic rings. The reaction involves the electrophilic substitution of a hydrogen atom on …
Sulfonation of Benzene
Sulfonation of benzene involves heating benzene with fuming sulfuric acid (H2SO4 + SO3) to yield benzenesulfonic acid. This reaction is reversible in nature. Here is …
Iodination of Benzene
The iodination of benzene involves the substitution of a hydrogen atom on the benzene ring with an iodine atom through an electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) …
Bromination of Benzene
The Bromination of benzene involves the introduction of a bromine atom onto the benzene ring through electrophilic aromatic substitution. A Lewis acid typically catalyzes the …
Chlorination of Benzene
Introduction: The chlorination of benzene involves the introduction of a chlorine atom onto the benzene ring through electrophilic aromatic substitution. A Lewis acid typically catalyzes …
Aromatic Halogenation Reactions
Introduction: Aromatic halogenation reactions involve the introduction of halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine) into an aromatic ring. These reactions are a subset of …
ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION
Introduction: Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are a category of organic reactions in which an electrophile displaces an atom bonded to an aromatic ring. Typically, these …