Bromination of Benzene
by The Bromination of benzene involves the introduction of a bromine atom onto the benzene ring through electrophilic aromatic substitution. A Lewis acid typically catalyzes the …
Category: Organic chemistry-II
Chlorination of Benzene
Introduction: The chlorination of benzene involves the introduction of a chlorine atom onto the benzene ring through electrophilic aromatic substitution. A Lewis acid typically catalyzes …
Aromatic Halogenation Reactions
Introduction: Aromatic halogenation reactions involve the introduction of halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine) into an aromatic ring. These reactions are a subset of …
ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION
Introduction: Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are a category of organic reactions in which an electrophile displaces an atom bonded to an aromatic ring. Typically, these …
Aromaticity of Benzene (Huckels Rule)
Aromaticity in organic chemistry describes the enhanced stability and unique properties of certain cyclic compounds with a specific pi-electron arrangement. The Huckel Rule, formulated by …
Chemical Reactions of Benzene
Benzene, a six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds, exhibits unique chemical stability compared to aliphatic compounds. Its reactions often involve substitution rather than addition reactions. …
Resonance Energy of Benzene
Benzene’s special stability is due to the delocalized π molecular orbital formation. The magnitude of this extra stability can be estimated by measuring the changes …
Molecular Orbital Structure of Benzene
Introduction The structure of benzene is best described in the modern molecular orbital theory. All six carbon atoms in benzene are sp2 hybridized. The sp2 …
Resonance Structure of Benzene
In the case of benzene, Kekule’s structures (1) and (2) represent the resonance structures. The actual structure of the molecule may be represented as a …
Kekule’ structure Of Benzene
Introduction: In 1865, Kekule suggested benzene consisted of a cyclic planar structure of six carbons with alternate double and single bonds. To each carbon was …